diff --git a/services/filestore/app/js/MigrationPersistor.js b/services/filestore/app/js/MigrationPersistor.js
index 3a4789693b..3ddc762922 100644
--- a/services/filestore/app/js/MigrationPersistor.js
+++ b/services/filestore/app/js/MigrationPersistor.js
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 const metrics = require('metrics-sharelatex')
 const Settings = require('settings-sharelatex')
 const logger = require('logger-sharelatex')
-const Minipass = require('minipass')
-const { callbackify } = require('util')
+const Stream = require('stream')
+const { callbackify, promisify } = require('util')
 const { NotFoundError, WriteError } = require('./Errors')
 
+const pipeline = promisify(Stream.pipeline)
+
 // Persistor that wraps two other persistors. Talks to the 'primary' by default,
 // but will fall back to an older persistor in the case of a not-found error.
 // If `Settings.filestore.fallback.copyOnMiss` is set, this will copy files from the fallback
@@ -29,14 +31,86 @@ module.exports = function(primary, fallback) {
     }
   }
 
+  async function getFileStreamWithFallback(bucket, key, opts) {
+    const shouldCopy =
+      Settings.filestore.fallback.copyOnMiss && !opts.start && !opts.end
+
+    try {
+      return await primary.promises.getFileStream(bucket, key, opts)
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (err instanceof NotFoundError) {
+        const fallbackBucket = _getFallbackBucket(bucket)
+        const fallbackStream = await fallback.promises.getFileStream(
+          fallbackBucket,
+          key,
+          opts
+        )
+        // tee the stream to the client, and as a copy to the primary (if necessary)
+        // start listening on both straight away so that we don't consume bytes
+        // in one place before the other
+        const returnStream = new Stream.PassThrough()
+        pipeline(fallbackStream, returnStream)
+
+        if (shouldCopy) {
+          const copyStream = new Stream.PassThrough()
+          pipeline(fallbackStream, copyStream)
+
+          _copyStreamFromFallbackAndVerify(
+            copyStream,
+            fallbackBucket,
+            bucket,
+            key,
+            key
+          ).catch(() => {
+            // swallow errors, as this runs in the background and will log a warning
+          })
+        }
+        return returnStream
+      }
+      throw err
+    }
+  }
+
   async function copyFileWithFallback(bucket, sourceKey, destKey) {
     try {
       return await primary.promises.copyFile(bucket, sourceKey, destKey)
     } catch (err) {
       if (err instanceof NotFoundError) {
         const fallbackBucket = _getFallbackBucket(bucket)
-        return _copyFileFromFallback(fallbackBucket, bucket, sourceKey, destKey)
+        const fallbackStream = await fallback.promises.getFileStream(
+          fallbackBucket,
+          sourceKey,
+          {}
+        )
+
+        const copyStream = new Stream.PassThrough()
+        pipeline(fallbackStream, copyStream)
+
+        if (Settings.filestore.fallback.copyOnMiss) {
+          const missStream = new Stream.PassThrough()
+          pipeline(fallbackStream, missStream)
+
+          // copy from sourceKey -> sourceKey
+          _copyStreamFromFallbackAndVerify(
+            missStream,
+            fallbackBucket,
+            bucket,
+            sourceKey,
+            sourceKey
+          ).then(() => {
+            // swallow errors, as this runs in the background and will log a warning
+          })
+        }
+        // copy from sourceKey -> destKey
+        return _copyStreamFromFallbackAndVerify(
+          copyStream,
+          fallbackBucket,
+          bucket,
+          sourceKey,
+          destKey
+        )
       }
+      throw err
     }
   }
 
@@ -44,20 +118,29 @@ module.exports = function(primary, fallback) {
     return Settings.filestore.fallback.buckets[bucket]
   }
 
-  function _wrapFallbackMethod(method, enableCopy = true) {
+  function _wrapFallbackMethod(method) {
     return async function(bucket, key, ...moreArgs) {
       try {
         return await primary.promises[method](bucket, key, ...moreArgs)
       } catch (err) {
         if (err instanceof NotFoundError) {
           const fallbackBucket = _getFallbackBucket(bucket)
-          if (Settings.filestore.fallback.copyOnMiss && enableCopy) {
-            // run in background
-            _copyFileFromFallback(fallbackBucket, bucket, key, key).catch(
-              err => {
-                logger.warn({ err }, 'failed to copy file from fallback')
-              }
+          if (Settings.filestore.fallback.copyOnMiss) {
+            const fallbackStream = await fallback.promises.getFileStream(
+              fallbackBucket,
+              key,
+              {}
             )
+            // run in background
+            _copyStreamFromFallbackAndVerify(
+              fallbackStream,
+              fallbackBucket,
+              bucket,
+              key,
+              key
+            ).catch(err => {
+              logger.warn({ err }, 'failed to copy file from fallback')
+            })
           }
           return fallback.promises[method](fallbackBucket, key, ...moreArgs)
         }
@@ -66,32 +149,7 @@ module.exports = function(primary, fallback) {
     }
   }
 
-  async function _getFileStreamAndCopyIfRequired(bucketName, key, opts) {
-    const shouldCopy =
-      Settings.filestore.fallback.copyOnMiss && !opts.start && !opts.end
-
-    try {
-      return await primary.promises.getFileStream(bucketName, key, opts)
-    } catch (err) {
-      if (err instanceof NotFoundError) {
-        const fallbackBucket = _getFallbackBucket(bucketName)
-        if (shouldCopy) {
-          return _copyFileFromFallback(
-            fallbackBucket,
-            bucketName,
-            key,
-            key,
-            true
-          )
-        } else {
-          return fallback.promises.getFileStream(fallbackBucket, key, opts)
-        }
-      }
-      throw err
-    }
-  }
-
-  async function _copyFromFallbackStreamAndVerify(
+  async function _copyStreamFromFallbackAndVerify(
     stream,
     sourceBucket,
     destBucket,
@@ -139,63 +197,12 @@ module.exports = function(primary, fallback) {
     }
   }
 
-  async function _copyFileFromFallback(
-    sourceBucket,
-    destBucket,
-    sourceKey,
-    destKey,
-    returnStream = false
-  ) {
-    metrics.inc('fallback.copy')
-    const sourceStream = await fallback.promises.getFileStream(
-      sourceBucket,
-      sourceKey,
-      {}
-    )
-
-    if (!returnStream) {
-      return _copyFromFallbackStreamAndVerify(
-        sourceStream,
-        sourceBucket,
-        destBucket,
-        sourceKey,
-        destKey
-      )
-    }
-
-    const tee = new Minipass()
-    const clientStream = new Minipass()
-    const copyStream = new Minipass()
-
-    tee.pipe(clientStream)
-    tee.pipe(copyStream)
-
-    // copy the file in the background
-    _copyFromFallbackStreamAndVerify(
-      copyStream,
-      sourceBucket,
-      destBucket,
-      sourceKey,
-      destKey
-    ).catch(
-      // the error handler in this method will log a metric and a warning, so
-      // we don't need to do anything extra here, but catching it will prevent
-      // unhandled promise rejection warnings
-      () => {}
-    )
-
-    // start piping the source stream into the tee after everything is set up,
-    // otherwise one stream may consume bytes that don't arrive at the other
-    sourceStream.pipe(tee)
-    return clientStream
-  }
-
   return {
     primaryPersistor: primary,
     fallbackPersistor: fallback,
     sendFile: primary.sendFile,
     sendStream: primary.sendStream,
-    getFileStream: callbackify(_getFileStreamAndCopyIfRequired),
+    getFileStream: callbackify(getFileStreamWithFallback),
     getFileMd5Hash: callbackify(_wrapFallbackMethod('getFileMd5Hash')),
     deleteDirectory: callbackify(
       _wrapMethodOnBothPersistors('deleteDirectory')
@@ -208,7 +215,7 @@ module.exports = function(primary, fallback) {
     promises: {
       sendFile: primary.promises.sendFile,
       sendStream: primary.promises.sendStream,
-      getFileStream: _getFileStreamAndCopyIfRequired,
+      getFileStream: getFileStreamWithFallback,
       getFileMd5Hash: _wrapFallbackMethod('getFileMd5Hash'),
       deleteDirectory: _wrapMethodOnBothPersistors('deleteDirectory'),
       getFileSize: _wrapFallbackMethod('getFileSize'),
diff --git a/services/filestore/app/js/S3Persistor.js b/services/filestore/app/js/S3Persistor.js
index ef465da25c..a10251a642 100644
--- a/services/filestore/app/js/S3Persistor.js
+++ b/services/filestore/app/js/S3Persistor.js
@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@ const settings = require('settings-sharelatex')
 const metrics = require('metrics-sharelatex')
 const logger = require('logger-sharelatex')
 
-const Minipass = require('minipass')
 const meter = require('stream-meter')
+const Stream = require('stream')
 const crypto = require('crypto')
 const fs = require('fs')
 const S3 = require('aws-sdk/clients/s3')
 const { URL } = require('url')
-const { callbackify } = require('util')
+const { callbackify, promisify } = require('util')
 const {
   WriteError,
   ReadError,
@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@ module.exports = {
   }
 }
 
+const pipeline = promisify(Stream.pipeline)
+
 function hexToBase64(hex) {
   return Buffer.from(hex, 'hex').toString('base64')
 }
@@ -68,7 +70,6 @@ async function sendFile(bucketName, key, fsPath) {
 async function sendStream(bucketName, key, readStream, sourceMd5) {
   try {
     // if there is no supplied md5 hash, we calculate the hash as the data passes through
-    const passthroughStream = new Minipass()
     let hashPromise
     let b64Hash
 
@@ -77,29 +78,24 @@ async function sendStream(bucketName, key, readStream, sourceMd5) {
     } else {
       const hash = crypto.createHash('md5')
       hash.setEncoding('hex')
-      passthroughStream.pipe(hash)
+      pipeline(readStream, hash)
       hashPromise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-        passthroughStream.on('end', () => {
+        readStream.on('end', () => {
           hash.end()
           resolve(hash.read())
         })
-        passthroughStream.on('error', err => {
+        readStream.on('error', err => {
           reject(err)
         })
       })
     }
 
     const meteredStream = meter()
-    passthroughStream.pipe(meteredStream)
     meteredStream.on('finish', () => {
       metrics.count('s3.egress', meteredStream.bytes)
     })
 
-    // pipe the readstream through minipass, which can write to both the metered
-    // stream (which goes on to S3) and the md5 generator if necessary
-    // - we do this last so that a listener streams does not consume data meant
-    // for both destinations
-    readStream.pipe(passthroughStream)
+    pipeline(readStream, meteredStream)
 
     // if we have an md5 hash, pass this to S3 to verify the upload
     const uploadOptions = {
diff --git a/services/filestore/test/acceptance/js/FilestoreTests.js b/services/filestore/test/acceptance/js/FilestoreTests.js
index 1c96445a3a..1d927618e5 100644
--- a/services/filestore/test/acceptance/js/FilestoreTests.js
+++ b/services/filestore/test/acceptance/js/FilestoreTests.js
@@ -497,16 +497,16 @@ describe('Filestore', function() {
               )
             })
 
-            it('should fetch the file', async function() {
-              const res = await rp.get(fileUrl)
-              expect(res.body).to.equal(constantFileContent)
-            })
-
             describe('when copyOnMiss is disabled', function() {
               beforeEach(function() {
                 Settings.filestore.fallback.copyOnMiss = false
               })
 
+              it('should fetch the file', async function() {
+                const res = await rp.get(fileUrl)
+                expect(res.body).to.equal(constantFileContent)
+              })
+
               it('should not copy the file to the primary', async function() {
                 await rp.get(fileUrl)
 
@@ -523,6 +523,11 @@ describe('Filestore', function() {
                 Settings.filestore.fallback.copyOnMiss = true
               })
 
+              it('should fetch the file', async function() {
+                const res = await rp.get(fileUrl)
+                expect(res.body).to.equal(constantFileContent)
+              })
+
               it('copies the file to the primary', async function() {
                 await rp.get(fileUrl)
                 // wait for the file to copy in the background
@@ -578,21 +583,51 @@ describe('Filestore', function() {
                 )
               })
 
-              it('should not copy the old file to the new bucket', async function() {
-                await expectPersistorNotToHaveFile(
-                  app.persistor.primaryPersistor,
-                  bucket,
-                  fileKey
-                )
+              describe('when copyOnMiss is false', function() {
+                beforeEach(function() {
+                  Settings.filestore.fallback.copyOnMiss = false
+                })
+
+                it('should create a new file in the new bucket', async function() {
+                  await expectPersistorToHaveFile(
+                    app.persistor.primaryPersistor,
+                    bucket,
+                    newFileKey,
+                    constantFileContent
+                  )
+                })
+
+                it('should not copy the old file to the primary with the old key', async function() {
+                  await expectPersistorNotToHaveFile(
+                    app.persistor.primaryPersistor,
+                    bucket,
+                    fileKey
+                  )
+                })
               })
 
-              it('should create a new file in the new bucket', async function() {
-                await expectPersistorToHaveFile(
-                  app.persistor.primaryPersistor,
-                  bucket,
-                  newFileKey,
-                  constantFileContent
-                )
+              describe('when copyOnMiss is true', function() {
+                beforeEach(function() {
+                  Settings.filestore.fallback.copyOnMiss = true
+                })
+
+                it('should create a new file in the new bucket', async function() {
+                  await expectPersistorToHaveFile(
+                    app.persistor.primaryPersistor,
+                    bucket,
+                    newFileKey,
+                    constantFileContent
+                  )
+                })
+
+                it('should copy the old file to the primary with the old key', async function() {
+                  await expectPersistorToHaveFile(
+                    app.persistor.primaryPersistor,
+                    bucket,
+                    fileKey,
+                    constantFileContent
+                  )
+                })
               })
             })
           })
diff --git a/services/filestore/test/unit/js/MigrationPersistorTests.js b/services/filestore/test/unit/js/MigrationPersistorTests.js
index 83159f38ad..db8401c78c 100644
--- a/services/filestore/test/unit/js/MigrationPersistorTests.js
+++ b/services/filestore/test/unit/js/MigrationPersistorTests.js
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ describe('MigrationPersistorTests', function() {
   let Metrics,
     Settings,
     Logger,
+    Stream,
     MigrationPersistor,
-    Minipass,
     fileStream,
     newPersistor
 
@@ -82,24 +82,22 @@ describe('MigrationPersistorTests', function() {
       inc: sinon.stub()
     }
 
+    Stream = {
+      pipeline: sinon.stub().yields(),
+      PassThrough: sinon.stub()
+    }
+
     Logger = {
       warn: sinon.stub()
     }
 
-    Minipass = sinon.stub()
-    Minipass.prototype.on = sinon
-      .stub()
-      .withArgs('end')
-      .yields()
-    Minipass.prototype.pipe = sinon.stub()
-
     MigrationPersistor = SandboxedModule.require(modulePath, {
       requires: {
         'settings-sharelatex': Settings,
+        stream: Stream,
         './Errors': Errors,
         'metrics-sharelatex': Metrics,
-        'logger-sharelatex': Logger,
-        minipass: Minipass
+        'logger-sharelatex': Logger
       },
       globals: { console }
     })
@@ -155,7 +153,7 @@ describe('MigrationPersistorTests', function() {
       })
 
       it('should return the file stream', function() {
-        expect(response).to.equal(fileStream)
+        expect(response).to.be.an.instanceOf(Stream.PassThrough)
       })
 
       it('should fetch the file from the primary persistor with the correct options', function() {
@@ -215,13 +213,13 @@ describe('MigrationPersistorTests', function() {
         ).to.have.been.calledWithExactly(
           bucket,
           key,
-          sinon.match.instanceOf(Minipass),
+          sinon.match.instanceOf(Stream.PassThrough),
           md5
         )
       })
 
       it('should send a stream to the client', function() {
-        expect(returnedStream).to.be.an.instanceOf(Minipass)
+        expect(returnedStream).to.be.an.instanceOf(Stream.PassThrough)
       })
     })
 
@@ -476,7 +474,12 @@ describe('MigrationPersistorTests', function() {
       it('should send the file to the primary', function() {
         expect(
           primaryPersistor.promises.sendStream
-        ).to.have.been.calledWithExactly(bucket, destKey, fileStream, md5)
+        ).to.have.been.calledWithExactly(
+          bucket,
+          destKey,
+          sinon.match.instanceOf(Stream.PassThrough),
+          md5
+        )
       })
     })
 
diff --git a/services/filestore/test/unit/js/S3PersistorTests.js b/services/filestore/test/unit/js/S3PersistorTests.js
index 4f700c8797..b9711572c2 100644
--- a/services/filestore/test/unit/js/S3PersistorTests.js
+++ b/services/filestore/test/unit/js/S3PersistorTests.js
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ describe('S3PersistorTests', function() {
     Meter,
     MeteredStream,
     ReadStream,
+    Stream,
     S3Persistor,
     S3Client,
     S3ReadStream,
@@ -43,7 +44,6 @@ describe('S3PersistorTests', function() {
     FileNotFoundError,
     EmptyPromise,
     settings,
-    Minipass,
     Hash,
     crypto
 
@@ -61,6 +61,10 @@ describe('S3PersistorTests', function() {
       }
     }
 
+    Stream = {
+      pipeline: sinon.stub().yields()
+    }
+
     EmptyPromise = {
       promise: sinon.stub().resolves()
     }
@@ -70,7 +74,11 @@ describe('S3PersistorTests', function() {
     }
 
     ReadStream = {
-      pipe: sinon.stub().returns('readStream')
+      pipe: sinon.stub().returns('readStream'),
+      on: sinon
+        .stub()
+        .withArgs('end')
+        .yields()
     }
 
     FileNotFoundError = new Error('File not found')
@@ -132,13 +140,6 @@ describe('S3PersistorTests', function() {
       createHash: sinon.stub().returns(Hash)
     }
 
-    Minipass = sinon.stub()
-    Minipass.prototype.on = sinon
-      .stub()
-      .withArgs('end')
-      .yields()
-    Minipass.prototype.pipe = sinon.stub()
-
     Logger = {
       warn: sinon.stub()
     }
@@ -151,8 +152,8 @@ describe('S3PersistorTests', function() {
         './Errors': Errors,
         fs: Fs,
         'stream-meter': Meter,
+        stream: Stream,
         'metrics-sharelatex': Metrics,
-        minipass: Minipass,
         crypto
       },
       globals: { console }
@@ -456,7 +457,10 @@ describe('S3PersistorTests', function() {
       })
 
       it('should meter the stream', function() {
-        expect(Minipass.prototype.pipe).to.have.been.calledWith(MeteredStream)
+        expect(Stream.pipeline).to.have.been.calledWith(
+          ReadStream,
+          MeteredStream
+        )
       })
 
       it('should record an egress metric', function() {
@@ -464,7 +468,7 @@ describe('S3PersistorTests', function() {
       })
 
       it('calculates the md5 hash of the file', function() {
-        expect(Minipass.prototype.pipe).to.have.been.calledWith(Hash)
+        expect(Stream.pipeline).to.have.been.calledWith(ReadStream, Hash)
       })
     })
 
@@ -479,7 +483,10 @@ describe('S3PersistorTests', function() {
       })
 
       it('should not calculate the md5 hash of the file', function() {
-        expect(Minipass.prototype.pipe).not.to.have.been.calledWith(Hash)
+        expect(Stream.pipeline).not.to.have.been.calledWith(
+          sinon.match.any,
+          Hash
+        )
       })
 
       it('sends the hash in base64', function() {